Indian land unit conversion guides

Sourced Guntha, Cent, Marla, Katha and Bigha conversion guides with local scope, worked examples and tables.

Bigha and Katha are not universal measurements. Choose the documented scale that matches your record.

• How big is one Bigha? Compare documented local scales

  Compare five documented Bigha scales and learn why the location and measurement system matter.

• Guntha to square feet in Maharashtra: Pune / Jalgaon scale

  The Pune and Jalgaon gazetteers document the survey Guntha as 121 square yards, with 40 Gunthas in an Acre. This page converts that specific survey scale.

• Cent to square feet in Kerala: 100 Cents per Acre

  The Government of India MDDS directory (2011) names the Kerala convention of 100 Cents per Acre. The figures here are calculated from that relationship and the standard Acre definition, rather than rounded metric figures in the directory.

• Marla to square feet in Punjab: 66-inch Karam scale

  PUDA's standard consolidated system uses a 66-inch Karam. A square Karam is a Sarsahi; nine Sarsahis make a Marla and twenty Marlas make a Kanal. The resulting Marla is 272.25 square feet.

• Katha to square feet in West Bengal: 720-square-foot scale

  This guide uses the WRI&DD 2018 schedule convention: a Katha (Cottah) is 720 square feet and twenty Kathas form a Bigha. A 2025 Uttar Dinajpur court order independently corroborates the 720-square-foot Katha.

• Bigha to square feet in Assam: AIRBMP 2022 project scale

  The November 2022 AIRBMP resettlement framework documents a 14,400-square-foot Bigha, with five Kathas per Bigha and twenty Lechas per Katha. Its Phase I project scope includes the Beki, Buridehing and Jiadhal subbasins in the Brahmaputra region.

• Bigha to square feet in Lucknow: historical 1904 standard scale

  The 1904 Lucknow gazetteer documents a standard Bigha of 3,025 square yards, equal to 27,225 square feet. This guide preserves that historical standard scale; it does not establish a current Uttar Pradesh-wide definition.

• Bigha to square feet in Meerut: historical 1904 standard scale

  The 1904 Meerut gazetteer documents a standard Bigha of 3,025 square yards, equal to 27,225 square feet. The same gazetteer says the local Bigha was usually about one-third of this; that smaller Bigha is not converted here. This historical evidence does not establish present use or an Uttar Pradesh-wide Bigha.

• Gunta to square feet in Karnataka: 40 Guntas per Acre

  The Government of India MDDS directory (2011) documents 40 Guntas per Acre for Karnataka. On that scale, one Gunta is 1,089 square feet or 121 square yards. The calculator calls this unit Guntha; this guide uses the Gunta spelling found in the Karnataka convention.

• Cent to square feet in Tamil Nadu: documented Acre subdivision

  The Government of India MDDS directory (2011) lists Tamil Nadu's 100-Cent-per-Acre convention. A Cent is one hundredth of an Acre, so one Cent is 435.6 square feet and five Cents are 2,178 square feet. This guide covers Cent rather than other Tamil Nadu traditional measures.

• Marla to square feet in Haryana: post-Bandobust 66-inch scale

  MDDS distinguishes Haryana's post-Bandobust (settlement) scale from other settlement systems. Here, a Karam is 66 inches, a Sarsahi is a square Karam, nine Sarsahis form a Marla and twenty Marlas form a Kanal. One Marla therefore equals 272.25 square feet and one Kanal equals 5,445 square feet.

• Gunta to square feet in Telangana: Wargal 2021 acquisition scale

  The 8 November 2021 Wargal industrial park compensation proceedings in Siddipet pair 200 Guntas with 5 Acres, documenting 40 Guntas per Acre. This guide applies that Wargal Village and Mandal scale. Enter a single-unit amount: for example, 1 Acre and 10 Guntas is 50 Guntas on this scale, not the decimal number 1.10.

• Decimal to square feet in Bihar: 100 Decimals per Acre

  The Bihar Record of Rights section of the DoLR glossary defines a Decimal as one hundredth of an Acre. On that scale, one Decimal is 435.6 square feet and five Decimals are 2,178 square feet. This guide covers Decimal, not Katha, Dhur, Bigha or Dismil.

• Decimal to square feet in Tripura: 100 Decimals per Acre

  The Tripura Record of Rights section of the DoLR glossary defines a Decimal as one hundredth of an Acre. On that scale, one Decimal is 435.6 square feet and five Decimals are 2,178 square feet. This guide covers Decimal, not Kani, Ganda or other customary systems.

• Decimal to square feet in Odisha: OGLS Schedule V 2010 scale

  Schedule V of the 2010 Orissa Government Land Settlement amendment defines a Decimal as one hundredth of an Acre, 100 Decimals per Acre, for homestead settlement. On that scale, one Decimal is 435.6 square feet and five Decimals are 2,178 square feet. It is a 2010 unit definition and makes no statement about present legal eligibility.

• Decimal to square feet in Jharkhand: JSLPS 2015 survey scale

  A 2015 report using the JSLPS baseline survey 2014 defines 100 Decimals per Acre for sampled treatment and control blocks in 128 villages across 16 districts. On that scale, one Decimal is 435.6 square feet and five Decimals are 2,178 square feet. This is a survey convention only.

• Guntha to square feet in Gujarat: 40 Gunthas per Acre

  The Gujarat Record of Rights section of the DoLR glossary names a Guntha as one fortieth of an Acre. On that scale, one Guntha is 1,089 square feet or 121 square yards. The glossary warns that local Guntha definitions may vary, and no district is covered automatically.

• Gunta to square feet in Andhra Pradesh: 40 Guntas per Acre (MDDS 2011)

  The 2011 MDDS directory documents 40 Guntas per Acre for Andhra Pradesh. On that scale, one Gunta is 1,089 square feet or 121 square yards. The scope is the state as named in 2011, before state bifurcation, with no automatic contemporary or Telangana applicability.

• Bigha to square feet in West Bengal: 20-Katha, 14,400-square-foot scale

  This guide uses the WRI&DD 2018 schedule convention: a Katha (Cottah) is 720 square feet and twenty Kathas form a Bigha, so one Bigha is 14,400 square feet. A 2025 Uttar Dinajpur court order independently corroborates the 720-square-foot Katha.

• Katha to square feet in Assam: AIRBMP 2022 project scale

  The November 2022 AIRBMP resettlement framework defines a Katha as 2,880 square feet, with five Kathas per Bigha and twenty Lechas per Katha. Its Phase I project scope includes the Beki, Buridehing and Jiadhal subbasins in the Brahmaputra region.

• Kanal to square feet in Punjab: 66-inch Karam scale

  PUDA's standard consolidated system uses a 66-inch Karam. A square Karam is a Sarsahi; nine Sarsahis make a Marla and twenty Marlas make a Kanal. The resulting Kanal is 5,445 square feet.

• Murabba to square feet in Punjab: 25 Acres on the 66-inch Karam scale

  The DoLR revenue glossary gives a Punjab Murabba as twenty-five Acres, which is 1,089,000 square feet. This guide places it on PUDA's standard consolidated scale, which uses a 66-inch Karam.

• Kanal to square feet in Haryana: post-Bandobust 66-inch scale

  MDDS distinguishes Haryana's post-Bandobust (settlement) scale from other settlement systems. Here, a Karam is 66 inches, nine Sarsahis form a Marla and twenty Marlas form a Kanal. One Kanal therefore equals 5,445 square feet.

• Kanal to square feet in Himachal Pradesh: 57.5-inch Karam scale

  The 1992 Land Records Manual documents a 57.5-inch Karam Kanal and Marla system (Part C) for Una, Kangra and Hamirpur, where a Kanal is 383.950845 square metres, or 4,132.8125 square feet. It is a traditional settlement scale, not a current statewide default, and applies only to records using this Karam system.

• Kanal to square feet in Himachal Pradesh: 66-inch Karam scale

  The 1992 Land Records Manual documents a 66-inch Karam Kanal and Marla system (Part D) for parts of Solan, Una, Kangra and Hamirpur, where a Kanal is 5,445 square feet. It is a traditional settlement scale, not a current statewide default, and applies only to records using this Karam system.

• Bigha to square feet in Himachal Pradesh: 54-inch Karam scale

  The 1992 Land Records Manual documents a 54-inch Karam Bigha and Biswa system (Part A) for Kinnaur, Bilaspur and parts of Shimla and Solan, where a Bigha is 752.514624 square metres, or 8,100 square feet. It is a traditional settlement scale, not a current statewide default, and applies only to records using this Karam system.

• Bigha to square feet in Himachal Pradesh: 56-inch Karam scale

  The 1992 Land Records Manual documents a 56-inch Karam Bigha and Biswa system (Part B) for Mandi, Kullu, Chamba and Lahaul & Spiti, where a Bigha is 809.288704 square metres, or exactly 78,400/9 square feet (about 8,711.11). It is a traditional settlement scale, not a current statewide default, and applies only to records using this Karam system.

• Bigha to square feet in Didwana, Rajasthan (2020 project scale)

  A March 2020 draft due diligence report documents a local Bigha of about 2,508 square metres, with 20 Biswa to the Bigha, for the Didwana project land schedules. It is a project-documented local scale for Didwana, not a Rajasthan-wide or Nagaur-district definition.

• Biswa to square feet in Didwana, Rajasthan (2020 project scale)

  A March 2020 draft due diligence report documents 20 Biswa to a local Bigha of about 2,508 square metres for the Didwana project land schedules, which makes a Biswa about 125.4 square metres. It is a project-documented local scale for Didwana, not a Rajasthan-wide or Nagaur-district definition.

• Bigha to square feet in Rajasthan: 132-foot chain (1957 rules)

  Appendix I of the Rajasthan Land Revenue (Land Records) Rules, 1957 lists a 132-foot chain (Gantari Jarib) for areas such as former Jodhpur State areas in Jodhpur, Barmer, Jalore and Nagaur, and former Bharatpur, Jaisalmer, Sirohi, Dungarpur, Banswara, Kotah and Jhalawar State areas. One chain by one chain is one Bigha: 132 × 132 feet = 17,424 square feet, or 2½ Bighas per acre. Other areas of Rajasthan use other chain lengths, so match the scale on your record, not the district alone.

• Bigha to square feet in Rajasthan: 165-foot chain (1957 rules)

  Appendix I of the Rajasthan Land Revenue (Land Records) Rules, 1957 lists a 165-foot chain (Shahjahani Jarib) for former Jaipur State areas in Jaipur, Tonk, Sawai Madhopur, Alwar, Jhunjhunu and Sikar, former Alwar State areas, and former Tonk State areas in Tonk, Chittor, Kotah and Jhalawar. One chain by one chain is one Bigha: 165 × 165 feet = 27,225 square feet, or 1 Bigha 12 Biswas per acre. Other areas in the same districts can use a different chain, so match the scale on your record.

• Nali to square feet in Mana, Uttarakhand (approximate 200 sq m study scale)

  Table 18 of the 2005 Mana crop-production study (Chamoli) uses one Nali as 0.02 hectare, or 200 square metres. It is an approximate agricultural-study scale for Mana village, not a statewide cadastral definition, and it is not the 2,160 square foot Nali.

• Sangam to square feet in the Manipur valley (approximate 1961 Census scale)

  The 1961 Census enumeration table (report published 1966) gives rounded Acre equivalents for the Manipur valley land measures: Sangam 0.63 Acre, Lourak 1.25 Acres and Pari 2.50 Acres. This is an approximate historical table for the valley, not a current cadastral definition.

• Lourak to square feet in the Manipur valley (approximate 1961 Census scale)

  The 1961 Census enumeration table (report published 1966) gives rounded Acre equivalents for the Manipur valley land measures: Sangam 0.63 Acre, Lourak 1.25 Acres and Pari 2.50 Acres. This is an approximate historical table for the valley, not a current cadastral definition.

• Pari to square feet in the Manipur valley (approximate 1961 Census scale)

  The 1961 Census enumeration table (report published 1966) gives rounded Acre equivalents for the Manipur valley land measures: Sangam 0.63 Acre, Lourak 1.25 Acres and Pari 2.50 Acres. This is an approximate historical table for the valley, not a current cadastral definition.